WADE HAMPTON LITTLE LEAGUE ID # 00181183

SAFETY MANUAL

POLICY STATEMENT

SAFETY MANUAL AND FIRST AID KITS LITTLE LEAGUE PHONE NUMBERS

WADE HAMPTON LITTLE LEAGUE CODE OF CONDUCT WHLL SAFETY CODE

RESPONSIBILITY CONDITIONING HYDRATION EQUIPMENT WEATHER

ACCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE CONCESSION STAND SAFETY CHILD ABUSE

TRANSPORTATION HEALTH AND MEDICAL CHECKING THE VICTIM

PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER PARENTAL CONCERNS ABOUT SAFETY

Wade Hampton Little League is a non-profit organization run by volunteers. Our mission is to provide an opportunity for the children of our community to learn the game of baseball in a safe, fun and friendly environment.

Dear Managers and Coaches:

Welcome to another exciting year of Little League Baseball.

This year you can find all the Volunteer Applications, Accident Reporting Forms and Travel Forms on line at our website www.whllgenerals.com. In an effort to help our managers and coaches comply with our safety standards, the Board of Directors has put forth a mandate of safety rules to be followed as outlined in this manual. Our commitment to this Safety Manual is proof that we at Wade Hampton Little League are dedicated to our cause. Please read it carefully, from cover to cover, as it will familiarize you with safety fundamentals. Further, please use the Safety Manual as a powerful reference guide throughout the season. If you have received and are reading this manual you have attended our mandatory First-Aid clinic for the current year.

In closing, remember that safety is a responsibility that rests with all of the volunteers of Wade Hampton Little League. Always use common sense, never doubt what children tell you, and report all accidents or safety infractions when they occur. Now, PLAY BALL AND PLAY IT SAFE!

Very truly yours,

President WHLL
Safety Officer WHLL

Each team will be issued a Safety Manual and a First Aid Kit at the beginning of the season. The manager or the team will acknowledge the receipt of both by signing in the space provided below when taking possession of these articles. Two chemical ice packs of physical therapy quality will be issued to each team at the beginning of the season. Others are available at all times by contacting the Baseball Director. The 2017 WHLL Safety Manual contains the phone numbers for the Board Directors, the Wade Hampton Code of Conduct and information for treating injured players.

Little League Phone Numbers

CODE OF CONDUCT

The board of directors of Wade Hampton Little League has mandated the following Code of Conduct. All coaches and managers will read this Code of Conduct and sign in the space provided acknowledging that he or she understands and agrees to comply with the Code of Conduct.

No Board Member, League Member, Manager, Coach, Player, Parents or Spectator shall:

•     At any time, lay a hand upon, push, shove, strike, or threaten to strike an official.

•     Be guilty of heaping personal verbal or physical abuse upon any official for any real or imaginary belief of a wrong decision or judgment.

•     Be guilty of an objectionable demonstration of dissent at an official’s decision by throwing of gloves, helmets, hats, bats, balls, or any other forceful unsportsmanlike-like action.

•      Be guilty of using unnecessarily rough tactics in the play of a game against the body of an opposing player.

•      Be guilty of a physical attack upon any board member, official manager, coach, player or spectator.

•      Be guilty of the use of profane, obscene or vulgar language in any manner at any time.

•     Appear on the field of play, stands, or anywhere while representing WHLL while in an intoxicated state at any time. Intoxicated will be defined as an odor or behavior issue.

•      Be guilty of gambling upon any play or outcome of any game with anyone at any time.

•     No smoking while in the stands or on the playing field or in any dugout at any time. Smoking will not be permitted on school property while at practice.

•      Be guilty of discussing publicly with spectators in a derogatory or abusive manner any play, decision or a personal opinion on any players during the game.

•      As a manager or coach be guilty of mingling with or fraternizing with spectators during the course of the game.

•      Speak disrespectfully to any manager, coach, official or representative of the league.

•      Be guilty of tampering or manipulation of any league rosters, schedules, draft positions or selections, official score books, rankings, financial records or procedures.

The Board of Directors will review all infractions of the WHLL Code of Conduct. Depending on the seriousness or frequency, the board may assess disciplinary action up to and including expulsion from the league.

WHLL SAFETY CODE

The Board of Directors of Wade Hampton Little League has mandated the following Safety Code. All managers and coaches will read this Safety Code and then read it to the players on their team. Signatures are required in the spaces provided below acknowledging that the manager, coach and players understand and agree to comply with the Safety Code.

1.     Responsibility for safety procedures belong to every adult member of Wade Hampton Little League.

2.     Each player, manager, designated coach, umpire, team safety officer shall use proper reasoning and care to prevent injury to him/her and to others.

3.     Only league approved managers and/or coaches are allowed to practice teams.

4.     Only league-approved mangers and/or coaches will supervise batting cages.

5.     Arrangement should be made in advance of all games and practices for emergency medical services.

6.     Managers, designated coaches and umpires will have mandatory training in First Aid.

7.     First-aid kits are issued to each team manager during the pre-season

8.     No games or practices will be held when weather or field conditions are poor, particularly when lighting is inadequate.

9.     Play area will be inspected before games and practices for holes, damage, stones, glass and other foreign objects.

10. Team equipment should be stored within the team dugout or behind screens, and not within the area defined by the umpires as “in play.

11. Only players, managers, coaches and umpires are permitted on the playing field or in the dugout during games and practice sessions.

12. Responsibility for keeping bats and loose equipment off the field of play should be that of a player assigned for this purpose or the team’s manager and designated coaches.

13. Foul balls batted out of playing area will be returned to the home plate umpire only after he has directed you to do so.

14. During practice and games, all players should be alert and watching the batter on each pitch.

15. During warm-up drills, players should be spaced so that no one is endangered by wild throws or missed catches.

16. All pre-game warm-ups should be performed within the confines of the playing field and not within areas that are frequented by, and thus endangering spectators, (i.e., Playing catch, pepper, swinging bats etc.)

17. Equipment should be inspected regularly for the condition of the equipment as well as for proper fit.

18. Batters must wear Little League approved protective helmets that bear the NOCSAE seal during batting practice and games.

19. Except when a runner is returning to a base, head first, slides are not permitted for majors and under.

20. At no time should “horse play” be permitted on the playing field.

21. Parents of players who wear glasses should be encouraged to provide “safety glasses” for their children.

22. On-deck batters are not permitted for majors and under.

23. Managers will only use the official Little League balls supplied by WHLL for games.

24. Catchers must wear a cup.

25. Male catchers must wear the metal, fiber or plastic type cup and a long model chest protector.

26. Female catchers must wear long or short model chest protectors.

27. All catchers must wear chest protectors with neck collar, throat guard, shin guards and catcher’s helmet, all of which must meet Little League specifications and standards.

28. All catchers must wear a mask, “dangling” type throat protector and catcher’s helmet during practice, pitcher warm-up, and games. Note: Skullcaps are not permitted.

29. Shoes with metal spikes or cleats are not permitted. Shoes with molded cleats are permissible.

30. Players will not wear watches, rings, pins, jewelry or other metallic items during practices or games.

(Exception: Jewelry that alerts medical personnel to a specific condition is permissible and this must be taped in place.)

31. Catchers must wear a catcher’s mitt (not a first baseman’s mitt or fielder’s glove) of any shape, size or weight consistent with protecting the hand.

32. Catchers may not catch, whether warming up a pitcher, in practices, or games without wearing full catcher’s gear and an athletic cup as described above.

33. Managers will never leave an unattended child at a practice or game.

34. No children under the age of 15 are permitted in the Concession Stands.

35. Never hesitate to report any present or potential safety hazard to the WHLL Safety Officer immediately.

36. Make arrangements to have a cellular phone available when a game or practice is at a facility that does not have public phones.

37. No alcohol or drugs allowed on any practice or game fields at any time.

38. No medication will be taken unless administered directly by the child’s parent. This includes aspirin and Tylenol.

39. No playing in the parking lots at any time.

40. No swinging bats or throwing baseballs at any time within the walkways and common areas of the fields.

43. Observe all posted signs.

44. Players and spectators should be alert at all times for foul balls and errant throws.

45. Wounds should be treated and properly bandaged before play.

RESPONSIBILITY

The President of WHLL is responsible for ensuring that the policies and regulations of the WHLL Safety Officer are carried out by the entire membership to the best of his abilities.

The main responsibility of the WHLL Safety Officer is to develop and implement the League’s safety program. The WHLL Safety Officer is the link between the Board of Directors of Wade Hampton Little League and its managers, coaches, umpires, team safety officers, players, spectators, and any other third parties on the complex in regards to safety matters, rules and regulations. The WHLL Safety Officer’s responsibilities include the following:

1.     Coordinating the individual Team Safety Officers in order to provide the safest environment possible for all.

2.     Assisting parents and individuals with insurance claims and will act as the liaison between the insurance company and the parents and individuals.

3.     Explaining insurance benefits to claimants and assisting them with filing the correct paperwork.

4.     Correlating and summarizing the data in the First-Aid Log to determine proper accident prevention in the future.

5.     Insuring that each team receives its Safety Manual and its First-Aid Kit at the beginning of the season.

6.     Make Little League’s “no tolerance with child abuse” clear to all.

7.     Inspecting concession stands and checking fire extinguishers.

8.     Instructing concession stand workers on the use of fire extinguishers.

9.     Checking fields with the Field Managers and listing areas needing attention.

10. Scheduling a First-Aid Clinic and CPR training class for all managers, designated coaches, umpires, player agents and team safety officers during the pre-season.

11. Acting immediately in resolving unsafe or hazardous conditions once a situation has been brought to his/her attention.

12. Making spot checks at practices and games to make sure all managers have their First-Aid Kits and Safety Manuals.

13. Tracking all injuries and near misses in order to identify injury trends.

14. Visiting other leagues to allow a fresh perspective on safety.

15. Making sure that safety is a monthly Board Meeting topic, and allowing experienced people to share ideas on improving safety.

The WHLL Members will adhere to and carry out the policies as set forth in this safety manual.

At least one coach or a Manager per team is required to attend a fundamentals training session and first aid training session once a year and every coach is required to attend at least once every three years.

The Manager:

(a)     The Manager is a person to be responsible for the team’s actions on the field, and to represent the team in communications with the umpire and the opposing team.

(b)     The Manager shall always be responsible for the team’s conduct, observance of the official rules And deference to the umpires.

(c)     The Manager is also responsible for the safety of his players. They are also ultimately responsible for the actions of designated coaches and the Team Safety Officer (TSO).

(d)     If a Manager leaves the field, that s/he shall designate a coach as a Substitute Manager and such

Substitute Manager shall have the duties, rights and responsibilities of the Manager.

Pre-Season Managers will:

“Coaching Fundamentals Clinic” - one representative from each team (coach or manager) is required to attend each year; all coaches and managers are required to attend training at least once every three years. (This year’s clinics are scheduled to be held on Feb. 6th, 2016 for Off-field & for On-Field. These clinics will be hosted by Wade Hampton Little League and will be held at Pro Pitch, Hit, and Run).

“First Aid Clinic” - one representative from each team (coach or manager) is required to attend each year; all coaches and managers are required to attend training at least once every three years. (This year’s clinic is being held on Feb. 6th, 2016. These clinics will be hosted by Wade Hampton Little League and will be held at Pro Pitch, Hit, and Run).

Take possession of this Safety Manual and the First-Aid Kit supplied by WHLL.

Appoint a volunteer parent as Team Safety Officer (TSO). The TSO must be able to be present at all games and practices, and must have in their possession a working cell phone for emergencies. A Manager may choose to assume the TSO responsibilities rather than appointing a volunteer parent.

Attend a mandatory training session on First Aid given by WHLL with their designated coaches and TSO.

Cover the basics of safe play with their team before starting the first Practice.

Return the signed WHLL Code of Conduct and the WHLL Safety Code to the WHLL Safety Officer before the first game.

Teach players the fundamentals of the game while advocating safety. Encourage players to bring water bottles to practices and games.

During Season Play Managers will:

Work closely with Team Safety Officer to make sure equipment is in first-rate working order. Make sure that telephone access is available at all activities including practices.

It is suggested that a cellular phone always be on hand.

Not expect more from their players than what the players are capable of. Teach the fundamentals of the game to players:

Catching fly balls Sliding correctly

Proper fielding of ground balls Simple pitching motion for balance Be open to ideas, suggestions or help.

Enforce that prevention is the key to reducing accidents Always have First-Aid Kit and Safety Manual on hand. Use common sense.

Pre-Game and Practice Managers will:

Make sure that players are healthy, rested and alert.

Make sure players are wearing the proper uniform and catchers are wearing a cup. Make sure that the equipment is in good working order and is safe.

Agree with the opposing manager on the fitness of the playing field after walking the field for hazards such as glass, rocks, etc….

During the Game Managers will:

Make sure that players carry all gloves and other equipment off the field and to the dugout when their team is up at bat. No equipment shall be left lying on the field, either in fair or foul territory.

Keep players alert.

Maintain discipline at all times. Be organized.

Keep players and substitutes sitting on the team’s bench or in the dugout unless participating in the game or preparing to enter the game.

Make sure catchers are wearing the proper equipment.

Encourage everyone to think Safety First.

Observe the “no on-deck” rule for batters and keep players behind the screens at all times. No player should handle a bat in the dugouts at any time.

Get players to drink often so they do not dehydrate. Not play children that are ill or injured.

Attend to children that become injured in a game.

Not lose focus by engaging in conversation with parents and passerby’s.

Post Game Managers will:

Not leave the field until every team member has been picked up by a known family member or designated driver.

Notify parents if their child has been injured no matter how small or insignificant the injury is (There are no exceptions to this rule…This protects you, Little League Baseball, Incorporated and WHLL).

Discuss any safety problems with the Team Safety Officer that occurred before, during or after the game.

If there is an injury, make sure an accident report was filled out and given to the WHLL Safety Officer.

Return the field to its pre-game condition.

Pre Game (before a game starts) Umpire shall:

Check equipment in dugouts of both teams, equipment that does not meet specifications must be removed from the game.

Make sure catchers are wearing helmets when warming up pitchers. Run hands along bats to make sure there are no slivers.

Make sure that bats have grips.

Make sure there are foam inserts in helmets and that helmets meet Little League NOCSAE specifications and bear Little League’s seal of approval.

Inspect helmets for cracks.

Walk the field for hazards and obstructions (e.g. rocks and glass). Check players to see if they are wearing jewelry.

Check players to see if they are wearing metal cleats.

Make sure that all playing lines are marked with non-caustic lime, chalk or other white material easily distinguishable from the ground or grass.

Secure official Little League balls for play from both teams.

Use the FIELD SAFETY CHECK LIST (included in the appendix of this safety manual) to document that all of the above was carried out.

During the Game Umpire shall:

Govern the game as mandated by Little League rules and regulations.

Check baseballs for discoloration and nicks and declare a ball unfit for use if it exhibits these traits. Act as the sole judge as to whether and when play shall be suspended or terminated during a game because of unsuitable weather conditions or the unfit condition of the playing field; as to whether and

when play shall be resumed after such suspension; and as to whether and when a game shall be terminated after such suspension.

Act as the sole judge as to whether and when play shall be suspended or terminated during a game because of low visibility due to… atmospheric conditions or darkness.

Enforce the rule that no spectators shall be allowed on the field during the game. Make sure catchers are wearing the proper equipment.

Continue to monitor the field for safety and playability. Make the calls loud and clear, signaling each call properly.

Make sure players and spectators keep their fingers out of the fencing.

Post Game Umpire shall:

Check with the managers of both teams regarding safety violations.

Report any unsafe situations to the WHLL Safety Officer by telephone and in writing.

TEAM SAFETY OFFICER (TSO)(If Manager has not appointed a TSO s/he must assume responsibilities of TSO) Pre-Season TSO must:

Acquire this Safety Manual from the team manager and read it. Call the WHLL Safety Officer and introduce yourself.

Attend the Emergency Medical Clinic with your team manager.

Have parents fill out Emergency Medical Treatment Consent and Contact forms and return them to you. (photo copy sample in the appendix)

Talk to parents, confidentially, and inquire if their child suffers from allergies, asthma, heart conditions, past injuries, ADD, ADHD, a communicable disease such as hepatitis, HIV, AIDS, etc.

Find out if a child is taking any kind of medication. Report your findings to the WHLL Safety Officer.

During the Season TSO will:

Keep a Safety Log of all injuries that occur on his or her team. Inspect players’ equipment for cracks and broken straps on a routine basis.

Communicate any safety infractions to the WHLL Safety Officer or any other Board Member.

Have parents fill out “driving permission slips” if transporting a child to a game or practice is necessary. (Photocopy sample in appendix)

Help managers and designated coaches give First-Aid if needed. Fill out accident reports if an injury occurs.

Report an injury to the WHLL Safety Officer within 12 hours of the occurrence.

Track the First-Aid Kit inventory and ask the WHLL Safety Officer for replacements when needed.

Pre-Game TSO will:

Make sure that this Safety Manual and the First-Aid Kit are present.

Watch the players when they stretch and do warm up exercises for signs of stress or injury.

Check equipment for cracks and broken straps.

Walk the field; remove broken glass and other hazardous materials.

Be ready to go into action if anyone should get hurt.

During the Game TSO will:

Watch players to see that they are alert at all time.

In case of injury, help the team manager treat the child until profession help arrives.

Act as the conduit between the WHLL Safety Officer, the team manager, the child and his or her parents.

Post-Game TSO will:

Record any safety infractions or injuries in his/her Safety Log.

Report any injuries to the WHLL Safety Officer within 12 hours of the occurrence.

Fill out an accident investigation report (see appendix) and send a copy to the WHLL Safety Officer if there is an injury.

Assist parents if child must go to a hospital or to see a doctor. Follow up with parents to make sure the child is all right.

Everybody’s responsibilities remain the same throughout the post season.

BE ALERT!

CHECK PLAYING FIELD FOR HAZARDS PLAYERS MUST WEAR PROPER EQUIPMENT

ENSURE EQUIPMENT IS IN GOOD SHAPE MAINTAIN CONTROL OF THE SITUATION MAINTAIN DISCIPLINE

BE ORGANIZED

KNOW PLAYERS’ LIMITS AND DON’T EXCEED THEM

MAKE IT FUN!

Conditioning is an intricate part of accident prevention. Extensive studies on the effect of conditioning, commonly known as “warm-up,” have demonstrated that: The stretching and contracting of muscles just before an athletic activity improves general control of movements, coordination and alertness. Such drills also help develop the strength and stamina needed by the average youngster to compete with minimum accident exposure. The purpose of stretching is to increase flexibility within the various muscle groups and prevent tearing from overexertion. Stretching should never be done forcefully, but rather in a gradual manner to encourage looseness and flexibility.

Stretch necks, backs, arms, thighs, legs and calves.

Don’t ask the child to stretch more that he or she is capable of. Hold the stretch for at least 10 seconds.

Don’t allow bouncing while stretching. This tears down the muscle rather than stretching it. Have one of the players lead the stretching exercises.

Repetitions of at least 10.

Have kids synchronize their movements. Vary upper body with lower body.

Keep the pace up for a good cardio-vascular workout.

All WHLL Managers, Coaches and Players will adhere to the Pitch Count Guide Lines for their specific age group as dictated by Little League Rules

Pitch count does matter... Remember, in the major leagues, a pitcher is removed after approximately 85 pitches.

Little League managers and coaches are usually quick to teach their pitchers how to get movement on the ball. Unfortunately the technique that older players use is not appropriate for children thirteen (13) years and younger. The snapping of the arm used to develop this technique will most probably lead to serious injuries to the child as he/she matures. Arm stress during the acceleration phase of throwing affects both the inside and the outside of the growing elbow. On the inside, the structures are subjected to distraction forces, causing them to pull apart. On the outside, the forces are compressive in nature with different and potentially more serious consequences. The key structures on the inside (or medial) aspect of the elbow include the tendons of the muscles that allow the wrist to flex and the growth plate of the medial epicondyle (“Knobby” bone on the inside of the elbow). The forces generated during throwing can cause this growth plate to pull away (avulse) from the main bone. If the distance between the growth plate and main bone is great enough, surgery is the only option to fix it. This growth plate does not fully adhere to the main bone until age 15!

Similarly, on the outside (or lateral) aspect of the elbow, the two bony surfaces can be damaged by compressive forces during throwing. This scenario can lead to a condition called Avascular Necrosis or Bone Cell Death as a result of compromise of the local blood flow to that area. This disorder is permanent and often leads to fragments of the bone breaking away (loose bodies) which float in the joint and can cause early arthritis. This loss of elbow motion and function often precludes further participation. Studies have demonstrated that curveballs cause most problems at the inside of the elbow due to the sudden contractive forces of the wrist musculature. Fastballs, on the other hand, place more force at the outside of the elbow. Sidearm delivery, in one study, led to elbow injuries in 74% of pitchers compared with 27% in pitchers with a vertical delivery style.

Ice is a universal First-Aid treatment for minor sports injuries. Ice controls the pain and swelling. Pitchers should be taught how to ice their arms at the end of a game.

HYDRATION

Good nutrition is important for children. Sometimes, the most important nutrient children need is water – especially when they’re physically active. When children are physically active, their muscles generate heat thereby increasing their body temperature. As their body temperature rises, their cooling mechanism - sweat - kicks in. When sweat evaporates, the body is cooled. Unfortunately, children get hotter than adults during physical activity and their body’s cooling mechanism is not as efficient as adults. If fluids aren’t replaced, children can become overheated. We usually think about dehydration in the summer months when hot temperatures shorten the time it takes for children to become overheated. But keeping children well hydrated is just as important in the winter months. Additional clothing worn in the colder weather makes it difficult for sweat to evaporate, so the body does not cool as quickly. It does not matter if it’s January or July; thirst is not an indicator of fluid needs. Therefore, children must be encouraged to drink fluids even when they don’t feel thirsty.

Managers and coaches should schedule drink breaks every 15 to 30 minutes during practices on hot days, and should encourage players to drink between every inning. During any activity water is an excellent fluid to keep the body well hydrated. It’s economical too! Offering flavored fluids like sport drinks or fruit juice can help encourage children to drink. Sports drinks should contain between 6 and 8 percent carbohydrates (15 to 18 grams of carbohydrates per cup) or less. If the carbohydrate levels are higher, the sports drink should be diluted with water. Fruit juice should also be diluted (1 cup juice to 1 cup water). Beverages high in carbohydrates like undiluted fruit juice may cause stomach cramps, nausea and diarrhea when the child becomes active.

Caffeinated beverages (tea, coffee, Colas) should be avoided because they are diuretics and can dehydrate the body further. Avoid carbonated drinks, which can cause gastrointestinal distress and may decrease fluid volume.

Managers should inspect equipment before each game and each practice. Furthermore, kids like to bring their own gear. This equipment can only be used if it meets the requirements as outlined in this Safety Manual and the Official Little League Rule Book. At the end of the season, all equipment must be returned to WHLL. First-Aid kits and Safety Manuals must also be turned in with the equipment. Each team, at all times in the dugout, shall have seven (7) protective helmets which must meet NOCSAE specifications and standards. Helmets will be available by WHLL at the beginning of the season. If players decide to use their own helmets, they must meet NOCSAE specifications and standards.

Each helmet shall have an exterior warning label.

Use of a helmet by the batter and all base runners is mandatory. Use of a helmet by a player/base coach is mandatory.

Use of a helmet by an adult base coach is optional. Make sure helmets fit.

Male catchers must wear the metal, fiber or plastic type cup and a long-model chest protector. Female catchers must wear long or short model chest protectors.

All catchers must wear chest protectors with neck collar, throat guard, shin guards and catcher’s helmet, all of which must meet Little League specifications and standards. All catchers must wear a mask, “dangling” type throat protector and catcher’s helmet during practice, pitcher warm-up, and games. NOTE: Skullcaps are not permitted.

If the gripping tape on a bat becomes unraveled, the bat must not be used until it is repaired. Bats with dents, or that are fractured in any way, must be discarded.

Only Official Little League balls will be used during games.

Make sure that the equipment issued to you is appropriate for the age and size of the kids on your team. Make sure that players respect the equipment that is issued.

If it begins to rain:

1.     Evaluate the strength of the rain. Is it a light drizzle or is it pouring?

2.     Determine the direction the storm is moving.

3.     Evaluate the playing field as it becomes more and more saturated.

4.     Stop practice if the playing conditions become unsafe – use common sense. If playing a game, defer to the umpire for a decision.

The average lightning stroke is 5-6 miles long with up to 30 million volts at 100,000 amps flow in less than a tenth of a second. The average thunderstorm is 6-10 miles wide and moves at a rate of 25 miles per hour. Once the leading edge of a thunderstorm approaches to within 10 miles, you are at immediate risk due to the possibility of lightning strokes coming from the storm’s overhanging anvil cloud. This fact is the reason that many lightning deaths and injuries occur with clear skies overhead. On average, the thunder from a lightning stroke can only be heard over a distance of 3-4 miles, depending on terrain, humidity and background noise around you. By the time you can hear the thunder, the storm has already approached to within 3-4 miles! The sudden cold wind that many people use to gauge the approach of a thunderstorm is the result of down drafts and usually extends less than 3 miles from the storm’s leading edge. By the time you feel the wind; the storm can be less than 3 miles away!

If you can HEAR, SEE OR FEEL a THUNDERSTORM:

2.     Stay away from metal including fencing and bleachers.

3.     Do not hold metal bats.

4.     Get players to walk, not run to their parent’s or designated driver’s cars and wait for your decision on whether or not to continue the game or practice.

One thing we do get in South Carolina is hot weather. Precautions must be taken in order to make sure the players on your team do not dehydrate or hyperventilate.

1.     Suggest players take drinks of water when coming on and going off the field between innings.

2.     If a player looks distressed while standing in the hot sun, substitute that player and get them into the shade of the dugout A.S.A.P.

3.     If a player should collapse as a result of heat exhaustion, call 911 immediately. Get the player to drink water and use the instant ice bags supplied in your First-Aid Kit to cool him/her down until the emergency medical team arrives. (See section on Hydration)

Sun exposure increases and athlete’s risk of developing a specific type of skin cancer known as melanoma. The American Academy of Dermatology estimates that children receive 80% of their lifetime sun exposure by the time that

they are 18 years old. Therefore, WHLL will recommend the use of sunscreen with a SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 15 as a means of protection from damaging ultra-violet light.

ACCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE )(If Manager has not appointed a TSO s/he must assume responsibilities of Accident Reporting):

An incident that causes any player, manager, coach, umpire, or volunteer to receive medical treatment and/or first aid must be reported to the WHLL Safety Officer. This includes even passive treatments such as the evaluation and diagnosis of the extent of the injury.

All such incidents described above must be reported to the WHLL Safety Officer within 24 hours of the incident. The WHLL Safety Officer

Reporting incidents can come in a variety of forms. Most typically, they are telephone conversations. At a minimum, the following information must be provided:

1.     The name and phone number of the individual involved.

2.     The date, time, and location of the incident.

3.     As detailed a description of the incident as possible.

4.     The preliminary estimation of the extent of any injuries.

5.     The name and phone number of the person reporting the incident.

The TSO will fill out the WHLL Accident Investigation Form and submit it to the WHLL Safety Officer within 24 hours of the incident. If the team does not have a safety officer then the Team Manager will be responsible for filling out the form and turning it in to the WHLL Safety Officer. (WHLL Accident Investigation Forms can be found in the Appendix)

Within 24 hours of receiving the WHLL Accident Investigation Form, the WHLL Safety Officer will contact the injured party or the party’s parents and:

1.       Verify the information received;

2.       Obtain any other information deemed necessary;

3.       Check on the status of the injured party;

4.       In the event that the injured party required other medical treatment (i.e., Emergency Room visit, doctor’s visit, etc.) will advise the parent or guardian of the WHLL insurance coverage and the provision for submitting any claims.

5.       If the extents of the injuries are more than minor in nature, the WHLL Safety Officer shall periodically call the injured party to:

a.       Check on the status of any injuries, and

b.       Check if any other assistance is necessary in areas such as submission of insurance forms, etc., until such time as the incident is considered “closed” (i.e., no further claims are expected and/or the individual is participating in the League again).

Little League accident insurance covers only those activities approved or sanctioned by Little League Baseball, Incorporated. WHLL (Majors), Minor League and Tee Ball participants shall not participate as a Little League (Majors), Minor League and Tee Ball team in games with other teams of other programs or in tournaments except those authorized by Little League Baseball, Incorporated. WHLL (Majors), Minor League and Tee Ball participants may participate in other programs during the Little League (Majors), Minor League and Tee Ball regular season and tournament provided such participation does not disrupt the Little League (Majors), Minor League and Tee Ball season or tournament team. Unless expressly authorized by the Board of Directors of WHLL, games played for any purpose other than to establish a League champion or as part of the International Tournament are prohibited. (See IX - Special Games, pg. 15 in the Rule Book for further clarification)

CONCESSION STAND SAFETY

The WHLL Concession Stand Manager is responsible to ensure the Concession Stand Volunteers are trained in the safety procedures as set forth in this manual.

Our Concession Safety Procedures (to be posted several times in stand) include:

1.     No person under the age of 14 will be allowed in behind the counter in the concession stand without adult supervision.

2.     The Concession Stand Manager will provide all training.

3.     Cooking equipment will be inspected periodically and repaired or replaced if need.

4.     Food not purchased by Wade Hampton Little League to sell in its concession stands will not be cooked, prepared or sold in the concession stand.

5.     Cleaning chemicals must be stored in a locked container.

6.     Propane tanks will be turned off at the grill and at the tank after use.

7.     A Certified Fire Extinguisher must be placed in plain sight at all times.

8.     All concession stand workers are to be instructed on the use of fire extinguishers.

9.     All concession stand workers will attend a training session in the Heimlich Maneuver.

10. A fully stocked First Aid Kit will be placed in the Concession Stand.

11. The concession stand main entrance door will not be locked or blocked while people are inside.

12. Hand Washing Instructions will be posted in concession stands.

Volunteers are the greatest resource Little League has in aiding children’s development into leaders of tomorrow. But some potential volunteers may be attracted to Little League to be near children for abusive reasons. Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America defines child sexual abuse as “the exploitation of a child by an older child, teen or adult for the personal gratification of the abusive individual.” So abusing a child can take many forms, from touching to non-touching offenses. Child victims are usually made to feel as if they have brought the abuse upon themselves; they are made to feel guilty. For this reason, sexual abuse victims seldom disclose the victimization. Consider this: Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America contend that for every child abuse case reported, ten more go unreported. Children need to understand that it is never their fault, and both children and adults need to know what they can do to keep it from happening. Anyone can be an abuser and it could happen anywhere. By educating parents, volunteers and children, you can help reduce the risk it will happen at WHLL. Like all safety issues, prevention is the key.

WHLL has a three-step plan for selecting caring, competent and safe volunteers:

Application: To include residence information, employment history and three personal references from non-relatives. All potential volunteers must fill out the application that clearly asks for information about prior criminal convictions. The form also points out that all positions are conditional based on the information received back from a background check.

Interview: Make all applicants aware of the policy that no known child-sex offender will be given access to children in the Little League Program.

Reference Checks: Make sure the information given by the applicant is corroborated by references.

In the unfortunate case that child sexual abuse is suspected, you should immediately contact the WHLL President, or a WHLL Board Member if the President is not available, to report the abuse. WHLL along with district administrators will contact the proper law enforcement agencies.

“Sex abusers are dirty old men.” Not true. While sex abusers cut across socioeconomic levels, educational levels and race, the average age of a sex offender has been established at 32.

“Strangers are responsible for most of the sexual abuse.” Fact: 80-85% of all sexual abuse cases in the US are perpetrated by an individual familiar to the victim. Less than 20% of all abusers are strangers.

“Most sex abusers suffer from some form of serious mental illness or psychosis.” Not true. The actual figure is more like 10%, almost exactly the same as the figure found in the general population of the United States.

“Most sex abusers are homosexuals.” Also not true. Most are heterosexual.

“Children usually lie about sexual abuse, anyway.” In fact, children rarely lie about being sexually abused. If they say it, don’t ignore it.

“It only happens to girls.” While females do comprise the largest number of sexual abuse victims, it is now believed that the number for male victims is much higher than reported.

When an allegation of abuse is made against a Little League volunteer, it is our duty to protect the children from any possible further abuse by keeping the alleged abuser away from children in the program. If the allegations are substantiated, the next step is clear -- assuring that the individual will not have any further contact with the children in the League.

According to Boys & Girls Clubs of America, “Concern is often expressed over the potential for criminal or civil liability if a report of abuse is subsequently found to be unsubstantiated.” However, we want adults and Little Leaguers to understand that they shouldn’t be afraid to come forward in these cases, even if it isn’t required and even if there is a possibility of being wrong. All states provide immunity from liability to those who report suspected child abuse in “good faith.” At the same time, there are also rules in place to protect adults who prove to have been inappropriately accused.

Make adults and kids aware that Little League Baseball and WHLL will not tolerate child abuse, in any form.

It is an old maxim, but it is true: There is safety in numbers. Encourage kids to move about in a group of two or more children of similar age, whether an adult is present or not. This includes travel, leaving the field, or using the restroom areas. It is far more difficult to victimize a child if they are not alone.

Controlling access to areas where children are present -- such as the dugout or restrooms -- protects them from

harm by outsiders. It’s not easy to control the access of large outdoor facilities, but visitors could be directed to a central point within the facility. Individuals should not be allowed to wander through the area without the knowledge of the Managers, Coaches, Board Directors or any other Volunteer.

Child sexual abuse is more likely to happen in the dark. The lighting of fields, parking lots and any and all indoor facilities where Little League functions are held should be bright enough so that participants can identify individuals as they approach, and observers can recognize abnormal situations.

Generally speaking, Little Leaguers are capable of using toilet facilities on their own, so there should be no need for an adult to accompany a child into rest room areas. There can sometimes be special circumstances under which a child requires assistance to toilet facilities, for instance when the T-Ball and Challenge divisions, but there should still be adequate privacy for that child. Again, we can utilize the “buddy system” here.

Before any manager or designated coach can transport any WHLL child, other than his/her own, anywhere, he or she must:

1.     Have a valid South Carolina Driver’s License.

2.     Submit a Photostat copy of his or her Driver’s License to WHLL so the driving record can be checked.

3.     Submit a Photostat copy of proof of insurance to WHLL (Must have Uninsured Motorist coverage)

4.     Wear corrective lenses when operating a vehicle if the Driver’s License stipulates that the operator must wear corrective lenses.

5.     Have signed permission slips from parents before children are transported. (see sample in appendix section).

6.     Have correct class of license for the vehicle he or she is driving.

7.     Not carry more children in their vehicle than they have seat belts for.

8.     Make sure that the vehicle is in good running order.

9.     Not drive in a careless or reckless manner.

10. Not drive under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medication.

11. Obey all traffic laws and speed limits at all times.

12. Never transport a child without returning him/her to the point of origin.

First-Aid means exactly what the term implies -- it is the first care given to a victim. It is usually performed by the first person on the scene and continued until professional medical help arrives, (911 paramedics). At no time should anyone administering First-Aid go beyond their capabilities. Know your limits! The average response time on 911 calls is 5-7 minutes. En-route paramedics are in constant communication with the local hospital at all times preparing them for whatever emergency action might need to be taken. You cannot do this. Therefore, do not attempt to transport a victim to a hospital. Perform whatever First Aid you can and wait for the paramedics to arrive.

First Aid Kits will be furnished to each team at the beginning of the season. The WHLL Safety Officer’s name and phone number are taped on the inside of all First-Aid Kits. The First Aid Kit will become part of the Team’s equipment package and shall be taken to all practices, batting cage practices, games (whether season or post-season) and any other WHLL Little League event where children’s safety is at risk. To replenish materials in the Team First Aid Kit, the Manager, designated coaches or the appointed Team Safety Officer must contact the WHLL Safety Officer. (See contact information and address in phone # section of this Safety Manual or on First Aid Kit) First Aid Kits and this Safety Manual must be turned in at the end of the season along with your equipment package. The First Aid Kit will come in a plastic white and red box and include the following items:

2 Plastic Bags for Ice 6 Antiseptic Wipes

1  Roll of Gauze

2  Large Bandages 2”x4”

2 Large Non-stick Bandages 20 Band-Aids 1”x3”

2 Antiseptic Cream Packs

2  Burn Cream Packs 1 Scissors

1  Pair of Latex Gloves 1 Tweezers

2  Sterile Gauze Pads 1 Plastic Kit

If you are missing any of the above items, contact the WHLL safety officer immediately.

There are laws to protect you when you help someone in an emergency situation. The “Good Samaritan Laws” give legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured persons. When citizens respond to an emergency and act as a reasonable and prudent person would under the same conditions, Good Samaritan immunity generally prevails. This legal immunity

protects you, as a rescuer, from being sued and found financially responsible for the victim’s injury. For example, a reasonable and prudent person would – Move a victim only if the victim’s life was endangered. Ask a conscious victim for permission before giving care. Check the victim for life-threatening emergencies before providing further care.

Summon professional help to the scene by calling 911. Continue to provide care until more highly trained personnel arrive. Good Samaritan laws were developed to encourage people to help others in emergency situations. They require that the “Good Samaritan” use common sense and a reasonable level of skill, not to exceed the scope of the individual’s training in emergency situations. They assume each person would do his or her best to save a life or prevent further injury. People are rarely sued for helping in an emergency. However, the existence of Good Samaritan laws does not mean that someone cannot sue. In rare cases, courts have ruled that these laws do not apply in cases when an individual rescuer’s response was grossly or willfully negligent or reckless or when the rescuer abandoned the victim after initiating care.

If the victim is conscious, you must have his/her permission before giving first aid. To get permission you must tell the victim who you are, how much training you have, and how you plan to help. Only then can a conscious victim give you permission to give care. Do not give care to a conscious victim who refuses your offer to give care. If the conscious victim is an infant or child, permission to give care should be obtained from a supervising adult when one is available. If the condition is serious, permission is implied if a supervising adult is not present. Permission is also implied if a victim is unconscious or unable to respond. This means that you can assume that, if the person could respond, he or she would agree to care.

Do . . .

1.   Access the injury. If the victim is conscious, find out what happened, where it hurts, watch for shock. Know your limitations.

2.   Call 911 immediately if person is unconscious or seriously injured.

3.   Look for signs of injury (blood, black-and-blue, deformity of joint etc.)

4.   Listen to the injured player describe what happened and what hurts if conscious. Before questioning, you may have to calm and soothe an excited child.

5.   Feel gently and carefully the injured area for signs of swelling or grating of broken bone.

6.   Talk to your team afterwards about the situation if it involves them. Often players are upset and worried when another player is injured. They need to feel safe and understand why the injury occurred.

1.   Administer any medications.

2.   Provide any food or beverages (other than water).

3.   Hesitate in giving aid when needed.

4.   Be afraid to ask for help if you’re not sure of the proper Procedure, (i.e., CPR, etc.)

5.   Transport injured individual except in extreme emergencies.

The most important help that you can provide to a victim who is seriously injured is to call for professional medical help. Make the call quickly, preferably from a cell phone near the injured person. If this is not possible, send someone else to make the call from a nearby telephone. Be sure that you or another caller follows these four steps:

1.   First Dial 911.

2.   Give the dispatcher the necessary information.

3.   Answer any questions that he or she might ask.

4.   Continue to care for the victim till professional help arrives.

5.   Appoint somebody to go to the street and look for the ambulance and fire engine and flag them down if necessary. This saves valuable time. Remember, every minute counts.

If the injured person is unconscious, call 911 immediately. Sometimes a conscious victim will tell you not to call an ambulance, and you may not be sure what to do. Call 911 anyway and request paramedics if the victim –

2.   Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way.

3.     Has chest pain or pressure.

4.     Is bleeding severely.

5.     Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away.

6.     Is vomiting or passing blood.

7.     Has seizures, a severe headache, or slurred speech.

8.     Appears to have been poisoned.

9.     Has injuries to the head, neck or back.

10. Has possible broken bones. If you have any doubt at all, call 911 and requests paramedics.

1.   Fire or explosion

2.   Downed electrical wires

3.   Swiftly moving or rapidly rising water

4.   Presence of poisonous gas

5.   Vehicle Collisions

6.   Vehicle/Bicycle Collisions

7.   Victims who cannot be moved easily

Conscious Victims:

If the victim is conscious, ask what happened. Look for other life-threatening conditions and conditions that need care or might become life threatening. The victim may be able to tell you what happened and how he or she feels. This information helps determine what care may be needed.

1.     Talk to the victim and to any people standing by who saw the accident take place.

2.     Check the victim from head to toe, so you do not overlook any problems.

3.     Do not ask the victim to move, and do not move the victim yourself.

4.     Examine the scalp, face, ears, nose, and mouth.

5.     Look for cuts, bruises, bumps, or depressions.

6.     Watch for changes in consciousness.

7.     Notice if the victim is drowsy, not alert, or confused.

8.     Look for changes in the victim’s breathing. A healthy person breathes regularly, quietly, and easily. Breathing that is not normal includes noisy breathing such as gasping for air; making

rasping, gurgling, or whistling sounds; breathing unusually fast or slow; and breathing that is painful.

9.     Notice how the skin looks and feels. Note if the skin is reddish, bluish, pale or gray.

10. Feel with the back of your hand on the forehead to see if the skin feels unusually damp, dry, cool, or hot.

11. Ask the victim again about the areas that hurt.

12. Ask the victim to move each part of the body that doesn’t hurt.

13. Check the shoulders by asking the victim to shrug them.

14. Check the chest and abdomen by asking the victim to take a deep breath.

15. Ask the victim if he or she can move the fingers, hands, and arms.

16. Check the hips and legs in the same way.

17. Watch the victim’s face for signs of pain and listen for sounds of pain such as gasps, moans or cries.

18. Look for odd bumps or depressions.

19. Think of how the body usually looks. If you are not sure if something is out of shape, check it against the other side of the body.

20.   Look for a medical alert tag on the victim’s wrist or neck. A tag will give you medical information about the victim; care to give for that problem, and who to call for help.

21. When you have finished checking, if the victim can move his or her body without any pain and there are no other signs of injury, have the victim rest sitting up.

22. When the victim feels ready, help him or her stand up.

If the victim does not respond to you in any way, assume the victim is unconscious. Call 911 and report the emergency immediately.

1.     Tap and shout to see if the person responds. If no response

2.     Look, listen and feel for breathing for about 5 seconds.

3.     If there is no response, position victim on back, while supporting head and neck.

4.     Tilt head back, lift chin and pinch nose shut. (See breathing section to follow)

5.     Look, listen, and feel for breathing for about 5 seconds.

6.     If the victim is not breathing, give 2 slow breaths into the victim’s mouth.

7.     Check pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.

8.     Check for severe bleeding. Finger sweep maneuver administered to an unconscious victim of foreign body airway obstruction

Protection Rest

Ice Compression Elevation Support

Symptoms of Serious Muscle, Bone, or Joint Injuries:

Always suspect a serious injury when the following signals are present: Significant deformity

Bruising and swelling

Inability to use the affected part normally Bone fragments sticking out of a wound

Victim feels bones grating; victim felt or heard a snap or pop at the time of injury The injured area is cold and numb

Cause of the injury suggests that the injury may be severe. If any of these conditions exists, call 911

immediately and administer care to the victim until the paramedics arrive.

ankle or knee is affected, do not allow victim to walk. Loosen or remove shoe; elevate leg.Protect skin with thin towel or cloth. Then apply cold, wet compresses or cold packs to affected area. Never pack a joint in ice or immerse in icy water. If a twisted ankle, do not remove the shoe -- this will limit swelling. Consult professional medical assistance for further treatment if necessary.

Fractures need to be splinted in the position found and no pressure is to be put on the area. Splints can be made from almost anything; rolled up magazines, twigs, bats, etc...

Once you have established that the victim has a broken bone, and you have called 911, all you can do is comfort the victim, keep him/her warm and still and treat for shock if necessary (see “Caring for Shock” section)

Osgood Schlaughter’s Disease is the “growing pains” disease. It is very painful for kids that have it. In a nutshell, the bones grow faster than the muscles and ligaments. A child must outgrow this disease. All you can do is make it easier for them by:

1.     Icing the painful areas.

2.     Making sure the child rests when needed.

3.     Using Ace or knee supports.

Concussions are defined as any blow to the head. They can be fatal if the proper precautions are not taken.

1.     If a player, remove player from the game.

2.     See that victim gets adequate rest.

3.     Note any symptoms and see if they change within a short period of time.

4.     If the victim is a child, tell parents about the injury and have them monitor the child after the game.

5.     Urge parents to take the child to a doctor for further examination.

6.     If the victim is unconscious after the blow to the head, diagnose head and neck injury.

7.     DO NOT MOVE the victim. Call 911 immediately. (See below on how to treat head and neck injuries)

When to suspect head and spine injuries:

A fall from a height greater than the victim’s height. Any bicycle, skateboarding, rollerblade mishap.

A person found unconscious for unknown reasons.

Any injury involving severe blunt force to the head or trunk, such as from a bat or line drive baseball. Any injury that penetrates the head or trunk, such as impalement.

A motor vehicle crash involving a driver or passengers not wearing safety belts. Any person thrown from a motor vehicle.

Any person struck by a motor vehicle.

Any injury in which a victim’s helmet is broken, including a motorcycle, batting helmet, industrial helmet.

Any incident involving a lightning strike.

Changes in consciousness

Severe pain or pressure in the head, neck, or back

Tingling or loss of sensation in the hands, fingers, feet, and toes Partial or complete loss of movement of any body part

Unusual bumps or depressions on the head or over the spine Blood or other fluids in the ears or nose

Heavy external bleeding of the head, neck, or back Seizures

Impaired breathing or vision as a result of injury Nausea or vomiting

Persistent headache Loss of balance

Bruising of the head, especially around the eyes and behind the ears

1.     Call 911 immediately.

2.     Minimize movement of the head and spine.

3.     Maintain an open airway.

4.     Check consciousness and breathing.

5.     Control any external bleeding.

6.     Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated till paramedics arrive and take over care.

Contusions to the Sternum are usually the result of a line drive that hits a player in the chest. These injuries can be very dangerous because if the blow is hard enough, the heart can become bruised and start filling up with fluid. Eventually the heart is compressed and the victim dies. Do not downplay the seriousness of this injury.

1.     If a player is hit in the chest and appears to be all right, urge the parents to take their child to the hospital for further examination.

2.     If a player complains of pain in his chest after being struck, immediately call 911 and treat the player until professional medical help arrives.

Symptoms of sudden illness include:

Feeling light-headed, dizzy, confused, or weak Changes in skin color (pale or flushed skin), sweating Nausea or vomiting

Diarrhea

Changes in consciousness Seizures

Paralysis or inability to move Slurred speech

Impaired vision Severe headache Breathing difficulty

Persistent pressure or pain.

Help the victim rest comfortably.

Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated. Reassure the victim.

Watch for changes in consciousness and breathing.

Do not give anything to eat or drink unless the victim is fully conscious. If the victim:

Vomits -- Place the victim on his or her side.

Faints -- Position him or her on the back and elevate the legs 8 to 10 inches if you do not suspect a head or back injury.

Has a diabetic emergency -- Give the victim some form of sugar.

Has a seizure -- Do not hold or restrain the person or place anything between the victim’s teeth. Remove any nearby objects that might cause injury. Cushion the victim’s head using folded clothing or a small pillow.

Signals of shock include:

Restlessness or irritability Altered consciousness Pale, cool, moist skin Rapid breathing

Rapid pulse.

Caring for shock involves the following simple steps:

1.   Have the victim lie down. Helping the victim rest comfortably is important because pain can intensify the body’s stress and accelerate the progression of shock.

2.   Control any external bleeding.

3.     Help the victim maintain normal body temperature. If the victim is cool, try to cover him or her to avoid chilling.

4.     Try to reassure the victim.

5.     Elevate the legs about 12 inches unless you suspect head, neck, or back injuries or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs. If you are unsure of the victim’s condition, leave him or her lying flat.

6.     Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink, even though he or she is likely to be thirsty.

7.     Call 911 immediately. Shock can’t be managed effectively by first aid alone. A victim of shock requires advanced medical care as soon as possible.

If Victim is not Breathing:

1.     Position victim on back while supporting head and neck.

2.     With victim’s head tilted back and chin lifted, pinch the nose shut.

3.     Give two (2) slow breaths into victim’s mouth. Breathe in until chest gently rises.

4.     Check for a pulse at the carotid artery (use fingers instead of thumb).

5.       If pulse is present but person is still not breathing give 1 slow breath about every 5 seconds. Do this for about 1 minute (12 breaths).

6.     Continue rescue breathing as long as a pulse is present but person is not breathing.

1.     Re-tilt person’s head.

2.     Give breaths again.

3.     If air still won’t go in, place the heel of one hand against the middle of the victim’s abdomen just above the navel.

4.     Give up to 5 abdominal thrusts.

5.     Lift jaw and tongue and sweep out mouth with your fingers to free any obstructions.

6.     Tilt head back, lift chin, and give breaths again.

7.     Repeat breaths, thrust, and sweeps until breaths go in.

Signals of a Heart Attack

Heart attack pain is most often felt in the center of the chest, behind the breastbone. It may spread to the shoulder, arm or jaw. Signals of a heart attack include:

1.     Persistent chest pain or discomfort - Victim has persistent pain or pressure in the chest that is not relieved by resting, changing position, or oral medication.

2.     Pain may range from discomfort to an unbearable crushing sensation.

3.     Breathing difficulty.

4.     Victim’s breathing is noisy.

5.     Victim feels short of breath.

6.     Victim breathes faster than normal.

7.     Changes in pulse rate - Pulse may be faster or slower than normal

8.     Pulse may be irregular.

9.     Skin appearance - Victim’s skin may be pale or bluish in color.

10. Victim’s face may be moist. 11.Victim may perspire profusely.

12. Absence of pulse – The absence of a pulse is the main signal of a cardiac arrest. The number one indicator that someone is having a heart attack is that he or she will be in denial. A heart attack means certain death to most people. People do not wish to acknowledge death therefore they will deny that they are having a heart attack.

1.     Recognize the signals of a heart attack.

2.     Convince the victim to stop activity and rest.

3.     Help the victim to rest comfortably.

4.     Try to obtain information about the victim’s condition.

5.     Comfort the victim.

6.     Call 911 and report the emergency.

7.     Assist with medication, if prescribed.

8.     Monitor the victim’s condition.

9.     Be prepared to give CPR if the victim’s heart stops beating.

It is possible that you will break the victim’s ribs while administering CPR. Do not be concerned about

this. The victim is clinically dead without your help. You are protected under the “Good Samaritan” laws.

Giving CPR:

1.     Position victim on back on a flat surface.

2.     Position yourself so that you can give rescue breaths and chest compression without having to mov e (usually to one side of the victim).

3.     Find hand position on breastbone. (See figure above)

4.     Position shoulders over hands. Compress chest 15 times. (For small children only 5 times)

5.     With victim’s head tilted back and chin lifted, pinch the nose shut.

6.     Give two (2) slow breaths into victim’s mouth. Breathe in until chest gently rises. (For small children only 1time)

7.     Do 3 more sets of 15 compressions and 2 breaths.

8.     (For small children, 5 compressions and 1 breathe)

9.     Recheck pulse and breathing for about 5 seconds.

10. If there is no pulse continue sets of 15 compressions and 2 breaths. (For small children, 5 compressions and 1breathe)

11. When giving CPR to small children only use one hand for compressions to avoid breaking ribs.

1.     If another trained person takes over CPR for you.

2.     If Paramedics arrive and take over care of the victim.

3.     If you are exhausted and unable to continue.

4.     If the scene becomes unsafe.

The sternum should be compressed to a depth of 1 1/2 - 2 inches.

Partial Obstruction with Good Air Exchange:

Symptoms may include: forceful cough with wheezing sounds between coughs.

Treatment: Encourage victim to cough as long as good air exchange continues. DO NOT interfere with attempts to expel object.

Symptoms may include: Weak cough; high-pitched crowing noises during inhalation; inability to breathe, cough or speak; gesture of clutching neck between thumb and index finger; exaggerated breathing efforts; dusky or bluish skin color.

Stand behind the victim.

Reach around victim with both arms under the victim’s arms.

Place thumb side of fist against middle of abdomen just above the navel. Grasp fist with other hand.

Give quick, upward thrusts. Repeat until object is coughed up.

Bleeding in General:

Before initiating any First Aid to control bleeding, be sure to wear the latex gloves included in your First- Aid Kit in order to avoid contact of the victim’s blood with your skin. If a victim is bleeding,

1.   Act quickly. Have the victim lie down. Elevate the injured limb higher than the victim’s heart unless you suspect a broken bone.

2.   Control bleeding by applying direct pressure on the wound with a sterile pad or clean cloth.

3.   If bleeding is controlled by direct pressure, bandage firmly to protect wound. Check pulse to be sure bandage is not too tight.

4.   If bleeding is not controlled by use of direct pressure, apply a tourniquet only as a last resort and call

911 immediately.

To control a nosebleed, have the victim lean forward and pinch the nostrils together until bleeding stops.

To control bleeding inside the cheek, place folded dressings inside the mouth against the wound. To control bleeding on the outside, use dressings to apply pressure directly to the wound and bandage so as not to restrict.

To prevent infection when treating open wounds you must:

CLEANSE... the wound and surrounding area gently with mild soap and water or an antiseptic pad; rinse and blot dry with a sterile pad or clean dressing.

TREAT... to protect against contamination with ointment supplied in your First-Aid Kit.

COVER... to absorb fluids and protect wound from further contamination with Band-Aids, gauze, or sterile pads supplied in your First-Aid Kit. (Handle only the edges of sterile pads or dressings)

TAPE... to secure with First-Aid tape (included in your First-Aid Kit) to help keep out dirt and germs.

If the cut is deep, stop bleeding, bandage, and encourage the victim to get to a hospital so he/she can be stitched up. Stitches prevent scars.

Splinters are defined as slender pieces of wood, bone, glass or metal objects that lodge in or under the skin. If splinter is in eye, DO NOT remove it.

Symptoms: May include: Pain, redness and/or swelling.

1.   First wash your hands thoroughly, and then gently wash affected area with mild soap and water.

2.   Sterilize needle or tweezers by boiling for 10 minutes or heating tips in a flame; wipe off carbon (black discoloration) with a sterile pad before use.

3.   Loosen skin around splinter with needle; use tweezers to remove splinter. If splinter breaks or is deeply lodged, consult professional medical help.

4.   Cover with adhesive bandage or sterile pad, if necessary.

In highly sensitive persons, do not wait for allergic symptoms to appear. Get professional medical help immediately. Call 911. If breathing difficulties occur, start rescue breathing techniques; if pulse is absent, begin CPR.

Symptoms: Signs of allergic reaction may include: nausea; severe swelling; breathing difficulties; bluish face, lips and fingernails; shock or unconsciousness.

1.   For mild or moderate symptoms, wash with soap and cold water.

2.   Remove stinger or venom sac by gently scraping with fingernail or business card. Do not

remove stinger with tweezers as more toxins from the stinger could be released into the victim’s body.

3.   For multiple stings, soak affected area in cool water. Add one tablespoon of baking soda per quart of water.

4.   If victim has gone into shock, treat accordingly (see section, “Care for Shock”).

AVULSION (Entire Tooth Knocked Out)

If a tooth is knocked out, place a sterile dressing directly in the space left by the tooth. Tell the victim to bite down. Dentists can successfully replant a knocked out tooth if they can do so quickly and if the tooth has been cared for properly.

1.   Avoid additional trauma to tooth while handling. Do Not handle tooth by the root. Do Not brush or scrub tooth. Do Not sterilize tooth.

2.   If debris is on tooth, gently rinse with water.

3.   If possible, re-implant and stabilize by biting down gently on a towel or handkerchief. Do only if \ athlete is alert and conscious.

4.   If unable to re-implant: Best - Place tooth in Hank’s Balanced Saline Solution, i.e. “Save a-tooth.” 2nd best - Place tooth in milk. Cold whole milk is best, followed by cold 2 % milk.

3rd best - Wrap tooth in saline soaked gauze.

4th best - Place tooth under victim’s tongue. Do only if athlete is conscious and alert. 5th best - Place tooth in cup of water.

Time is very important. Re-implantation within 30 minutes has the highest degree of success rate.

LUXATION (Tooth in Socket, but Wrong Position)

THREE POSITIONS -

EXTRUDED TOOTH - Upper tooth hangs down and/or lower tooth rose up.

1.   Reposition tooth in socket using firm finger pressure.

2.   Stabilize tooth by gently biting on towel or handkerchief.

LATERAL DISPLACEMENT - Tooth pushed back or pulled forward.

1.   Try to reposition tooth using finger pressure.

2.   Victim may require local anesthetic to reposition tooth; if so, stabilize tooth by gently biting on towel or handkerchief.

3.   TRANSPORT IMMEDIATELY TO DENTIST. INTRUDED TOOTH - Tooth pushed into gum - looks short.

1.   Do nothing - avoid any repositioning of tooth.

1.   If tooth is totally broken in half, save the broken portion and bring to the dental office as described under Avulsion, Item 4. Stabilize portion of tooth left in mouth be gently biting on a towel or handkerchief to control bleeding.

2.   Should extreme pain occur, limit contact with other teeth, air or tongue. Pulp nerve may be exposed, which is extremely painful to athlete.

3.   Save all fragments of fractured tooth.

4.   IMMEDIATELY TRANSPORT PATIENT AND TOOTH FRAGMENTS TO DENTIST in the plastic baggie supplied in your First-Aid kit.

Care for Burns for burns involves the following 3 basic steps:

1.     Stop the Burning -- Put out flames or remove the victim from the source of the burn.

2.     Cool the Burn -- Use large amounts of cool water to cool the burned area. Do not use ice or ice water other than on small superficial burns. Ice causes body heat loss. Use whatever resources are available- tub, shower, or garden hose, for example. You can apply soaked towels, sheets or other wet cloths to a burned face or other areas that cannot be immersed. Be sure to keep the cloths cool by adding more water.

3.     Cover the Burn -- Use dry, sterile dressings or a clean cloth. Loosely bandage them in place. Covering the burn helps keep out air and reduces pain. Covering the burn also helps prevent infection. If the burn covers a large area of the body, cover it with clean, dry sheets or other cloth.

If a chemical burn:

1.   Remove contaminated clothing.

2.   Flush burned area with cool water for at least 5 minutes.

3.   Treat as you would any major burn (see above).

If an eye has been burned:

1.   Immediately flood face, inside of eyelid and eye with cool running water for at least 15 minutes. Turn head so water does not drain into uninjured eye. Lift eyelid away from eye so the inside of the lid can also be washed.

2.   If eye has been burned by a dry chemical, lift any loose particles off the eye with the corner of a sterile pad or clean cloth.

3.   Cover both eyes with dry sterile pads, clean cloths, or eye pads; bandage in place.

If victim has been sunburned:

1.   Treat as you would any major burn (see above).

2.   Treat for shock if necessary (see section on “Caring for Shock”)

3.   Cool victim as rapidly as possible by applying cool, damp cloths or immersing in cool, not cold water.

4.   Give victim fluids to drink.

5.   Get professional medical help immediately for severe cases.

If part of the body has been torn or cut off, try to find the part and wrap it in sterile gauze or any clean material, such as a washcloth. Put the wrapped part in a plastic bag. Keep the part cool by placing the bag on ice, if possible, but do not freeze. Be sure the part is taken to the hospital with the victim. Doctors may be able to reattach it.

If an object, such as a knife or a piece of glass or metal, is impaled in a wound:

1.   Do not remove it.

2.   Place several dressings around object to keep it from moving.

3.   Bandage the dressings in place around the object.

4.   If object penetrates chest and victim complains of discomfort or pressure, quickly loosen bandage on one side and reseal. Watch carefully for recurrence. Repeat procedure if necessary.

5.   Treat for shock if needed (see “Care for Shock” section).

6.   Call 911 for professional medical care.

1.   DO NOT give any First Aid if victim is unconscious or is having convulsions. Begin rescue breathing Techniques or CPR if necessary. If victim is convulsing, protect from further injury; loosen tight clothing if possible.

2.   If professional medical help does not arrive immediately: DO NOT induce vomiting if poison is unknown, a corrosive substance (i.e., acid, cleaning fluid, lye, drain cleaner), or a petroleum product (i.e., gasoline, turpentine,

paint thinner, lighter fluid). Induce vomiting if poison is known and is not a corrosive substance or petroleum product. To induce vomiting: Give adult one ounce of syrup of ipecac (1/2 ounce for child) followed by four or five glasses of water. If victim has vomited, follow with one ounce of powdered, activated charcoal in water, if available.

3.   Take poison container, (or vomits if poison is unknown) with victim to hospital.

Symptoms may include: fatigue; irritability; headache; faintness; weak, rapid pulse; shallow breathing; cold, clammy skin; profuse perspiration.

1.     Instruct victim to lie down in a cool, shaded area or an air-conditioned room. Elevate feet.

2.     Massage legs toward heart.

3.     Only if victim is conscious, give cool water or electrolyte solution every 15 minutes.

4.     Use caution when letting victim first sit up, even after feeling recovered.

Symptoms may include: extremely high body temperature (106°F or higher); hot, red, dry skin; absence of sweating; rapid pulse; convulsions; unconsciousness.

1.   Call 911 immediately.

2.   Lower body temperature quickly by placing victim in partially filled tub of cool, not cold, water (avoid over-cooling). Briskly sponge victim’s body until body temperature is reduced then towel dry. If tub is not available, wrap victim in cold, wet sheets or towels in well ventilated room or use fans and air conditioners until body temperature is reduced.

3.   DO NOT give stimulating beverages (caffeine beverages), such as coffee, tea or soda.

If injury involves neck or back, DO NOT move victim unless absolutely necessary. Wait for paramedics.

a.   Move body lengthwise, not sideways. If possible, slide a coat or blanket under the victim:

b.   Carefully turn victim toward you and slip a half-rolled blanket under back.

c.   Turn victim on side over blanket, unroll, and return victim onto back.

d.   Drag victim head first, keeping back as straight as possible.

a.     Support each part of the body.

b.     Position a person at victim’s head to provide additional stability.

c.     Use a board, shutter, tabletop or other firm surface to keep body as level as possible.

While risk of one athlete infecting another with HIV/AIDS or the hepatitis B or C virus during competition is close to non-existent, there is a remote risk other blood borne infectious disease can be transmitted. Procedures for guarding against transmission of infectious agents should include, but not be limited to the following:

A bleeding player should be removed from competition as soon as possible.

Bleeding must be stopped, the open wound covered, before the player may reenter the game.

Routinely use gloves to prevent mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluid is anticipated

(latex gloves are provided in First Aid Kit).

Immediately wash hands and other skin surface if contaminated with blood with antibacterial soap (Lever 2000). Managers, coaches, and volunteers with open wounds should refrain from all direct contact with others until the condition is resolved.

Follow accepted guidelines in the immediate control of bleeding and disposal when handling bloody dressings, mouth guards and other articles containing body fluids.

AIDS stand for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

When the virus gets into the body, it damages the immune system, the body system that fights infection. Once the virus enters the body, it can grow quietly in the body for months or even years. People infected with HIV might not feel or appear sick. Eventually, the weakened immune system gives way to certain types of infections. The virus enters the body in 3 basic ways:

1.   Through direct contact with the bloodstream. Example: Sharing a non sterilized needle with an HIV-positive person -- male or female.

2.   Through the mucous membranes lining the eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, and vagina. Example: Having unprotected sex with an HIV positive person --male or female.

3.   Through the womb, birth canal, or breast milk. Example: Being infected as an unborn child or shortly after birth by an infected mother. The virus cannot enter through the skin unless there is a cut or break in the skin. Even then, the possibility of infection is very low unless there is direct contact for a lengthy period of time. Currently, it is believed that saliva is not capable of transmitting HIV. The likelihood of HIV transmission during a First-Aid situation is very low. Always give care in ways that protect you and the victim from disease transmission. If possible, wash your hands before and after giving care, even if you wear gloves. Avoid touching or being splashed by another person’s body fluids, especially blood. Wear disposable gloves during treatment. If you think you have put yourself at risk, get tested. A blood test will tell whether or not your body is producing antibodies in response to the virus. If you are not sure whether you should be tested, call your doctor, the public health department, or the AIDS hot line (1-800-342-AIDS). In the meantime, don’t participate in activities that put anyone else at risk. Like AIDS, hepatitis B and C are viruses. Even though there is a very small risk of infecting others by direct contact, one must take the appropriate safety measures, as outlined above, when treating open wounds. There is now a vaccination against hepatitis B. Managers are strongly recommended to see their doctor about this.

Do not, at any time, administer any kind of prescription medicine. This is the parent’s responsibility and WHLL does not want to be held liable, nor do you, in case the child has an adverse reaction to the medication.

Many children suffer from asthma and/or allergies (allergies especially in the springtime). Allergy symptoms can manifest themselves to look like the child has a cold or flu while children with asthma usually have difficult time breathing when they become active. Allergies are usually treated with prescription medication. If a child is allergic to insect stings/bites or certain types of food, you must know about it because these allergic reactions can become life threatening. Likewise, a child with asthma needs to be watched. If a child starts to have an asthma attack, have him stop playing immediately and calm him down till he/she is able to breathe normally. If the asthma attack persists, dial 9-1-1 and request emergency service.

The baseball season usually coincides with the cold and flu season. There is nothing you can do to help a child with a cold or flu except to recognize that the child is sick and should be at home recovering and not on the field passing his cold or flu on to all your other players. Prevention is the solution here. Don’t be afraid to tell parents to keep their child at home.

What is Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

ADD is now officially called Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, although most lay people, and even some professionals, still call it ADD (the name given in 1980). ADHD is a neurobiological based developmental disability estimated to affect between 3-5 percent of the school age population. This disorder is found present more often in boys than girls (3:1) No one knows exactly what causes ADHD. Scientific evidence suggests that the disorder is genetically transmitted in many cases and results from a chemical imbalance or deficiency in certain neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help the brain regulate behavior.

Unfortunately more and more children are being diagnosed with ADHD every year. There is a high probability that one or more of the children on your team will have ADHD. It is important to recognize the child’s situation for safety reasons because not paying attention during a game or practice could lead to serious accidents involving the child and/or his teammates. It is equally as important to not call attention to the child’s disability or to label the child in any way. Hopefully the parent of an ADHD child will alert you to his/her condition.

Treatment of ADHD usually involves medication. Do not, at any time, administer the medication -- even if the child asks you to. Make sure the parent is aware of how dangerous the game of baseball can be and suggest that the child take the medication (if he or she is taking medication) before he or she comes to the practice/game. A child on your team may in fact be ADHD but has not been diagnosed as such. You should be aware of the symptoms of ADHD in order to provide the safest environment for that child and the other children around him.

What are the symptoms of ADHD? - Inattention - This is where the child:

Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities; Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities; Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly; Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions); Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities; Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework); Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools); Often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli; Often forgetful in daily activities.

Hyperactivity - This is where the child: Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat;

Often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected;

Often runs about or climbs excessively in situation in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to subjective feelings or restlessness); Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly; Often “on the go” or often act as if “driven by a motor”; Often talks excessively.

Impulsivity - This is where the child:

Often blurts out answers before questions have been completed; Often has difficulty waiting turn;

Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games).

Emotional Instability - This is where the child:

Often has angry outbursts; is a social loner; blames others for problems; fights with others quickly; is very sensitive to criticism. Most children with ADHD experience significant problems socializing with peers and cooperating with authority figures. This is because when children have difficulty maintaining attention during an interaction with an adult, they may miss important parts of the conversation. This can result in the child not being able to follow directions and so called “memory problems” due to not listening in the first place. When giving directions to ADHD children it is important to have them repeat the directions to make sure they have correctly received them. For younger ADHD children, the directions should consist of only one or two step instructions session.

The following are some of the most common concerns and questions asked by parents regarding the safety of their children when it comes to playing baseball. We have also included appropriate answers below the questions.

Little League has rules concerning the ages of players on T-Ball, Farm, Minor, Major and Senior teams. Wade Hampton Little League observes those rules and then places children on teams according to their skills and abilities based on their try-out ratings at the beginning of the season. If for some reason you do not think your child belongs in a particular division, please contact the WHLL Player Agent and share your concerns with him or her.

Little League has rules regarding pitching which all managers and coaches must follow. The rules are different depending on the division of play but the rules are there to protect children.

A mouth guard can prevent serious injuries such as concussions, cerebral hemorrhages, incidents of unconsciousness, jaw fractures and neck injuries by helping to avoid situations where the lower jaw gets jammed into the upper jaw. Mouth Guards are effective in moving soft issue in the oral cavity away from the teeth, preventing laceration and bruising of the lips and cheeks, especially for those who wear orthodontic appliances.

How do I know that I can trust the volunteer managers and coaches not to be child molesters? WHHL runs background checks on all board members, managers and designated coaches before appointing them. Volunteers are required to fill out applications which give WHLL the information and permission it needs to complete a thorough investigation. If the League receives inappropriate information on a Volunteer, that Volunteer will be immediately removed from his/her position and banned from the facility.

How can I complain about the way my child is being treated by the manager, coach, or umpire? You can directly contact any WHLL board member. The complaint will be brought to the WHLL President’s attention immediately and investigated.

Will that helmet on my child’s head really protect him while he or she is at bat and running around the bases? The helmets used at WHLL must meet NOCSAE standards as evidenced by the exterior label. These helmets are certified by Little League Incorporated and are the safest protection for your child. The helmets are checked for cracks at the beginning of each game and replaced if need be.

Sliding is part of baseball. Managers and coaches teach children to slide safely in the pre-season.

WHLL now addresses ADD and ADHD in their Safety Manual. Managers and coaches now have a reference to better understand ADD and ADHD. The knowledge they gain here will help them coach ADD and ADHD children effectively. The primary concern is, of course, safety. Children must be aware of where the ball is at all times. Managers and coaches must work together with parents in order help ADD and ADHD children focus on safety issues.